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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021strains, an important component of probiotic foods, can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, leading to increased self-resistance. However, little is known about the...
strains, an important component of probiotic foods, can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, leading to increased self-resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of biofilm formation. A time series transcriptome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of both biofilm and planktonic cells was performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in biofilm formation. Two hundred thirty-five nonredundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including , , , , , , , and ) and 219 nonredundant differentially expressed metabolites (including L-threonine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, butyric acid and sphinganine) were identified. Thirteen pathways were identified during the integration of both transcriptomics and metabolomics data, including ABC transporters; quorum sensing; two-component system; oxidative phosphorylation; cysteine and methionine metabolism; glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The DEGs that relate to the integration pathways included , , , , , , , , , , , and . The differentially accumulated metabolites included L-cystine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, methylmalonate, monodehydroascorbate, nicotinamide, orthophosphate, spermine and tocopherol. These results indicate that quorum sensing, two-component system and amino acid metabolism are essential during biofilm formation.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Biofilms; Gene Expression Profiling; Metabolome; Quorum Sensing; Transcriptome; Triticum
PubMed: 34299216
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147596 -
Nature Microbiology Oct 2022The development of the gut microbiome from birth plays important roles in short- and long-term health, but factors influencing preterm gut microbiome development are...
The development of the gut microbiome from birth plays important roles in short- and long-term health, but factors influencing preterm gut microbiome development are poorly understood. In the present study, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse 1,431 longitudinal stool samples from 123 very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestation) who did not develop intestinal disease or sepsis over a study period of 10 years. During the study period, one cohort had no probiotic exposure whereas two cohorts were given different probiotic products: Infloran (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus) or Labinic (B. bifidum, B. longum subsp. infantis and L. acidophilus). Mothers' own milk, breast milk fortifier, antibiotics and probiotics were significantly associated with the gut microbiome, with probiotics being the most significant factor. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into different preterm gut community types (PGCTs), each enriched in a different Bifidobacterium sp. and significantly associated with increased postnatal age. Functional analyses identified stool metabolites associated with PGCTs and, in preterm-derived organoids, sterile faecal supernatants impacted intestinal, organoid monolayer, gene expression in a PGCT-specific manner. The present study identifies specific influencers of gut microbiome development in very preterm infants, some of which overlap with those impacting term infants. The results highlight the importance of strain-specific differences in probiotic products and their impact on host interactions in the preterm gut.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Probiotics
PubMed: 36163498
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01213-w -
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2022was to analyze the genome features of the probiotic strains 379, 1, and 791 and study their antiviral activity.
UNLABELLED
was to analyze the genome features of the probiotic strains 379, 1, and 791 and study their antiviral activity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Whole genome sequencing of three strains of bifidobacteria was performed on the MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., USA). The genomes were annotated using the Prokka v. 1.11 utility and RAST genomic server. The individual genetic determinants were searched using the ResFinder 3.2, PathogenFinder, PlasmidFinder, RAST, and Bagel 4 software. The antiviral activity of the strains against influenza A viruses was studied using MDCK cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells), the epidemic strain of influenza A/Lipetsk/1V/2018 (H1N1 pdm09) (EPI_ISL_332798), the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/common gull/Saratov/1676/2018 (H5N6) strain (EPI_ISL_336925), and neutral red vital dye.
RESULTS
The genomes of all studied strains contained determinants responsible for utilization of carbohydrates of plant origin; the genes of key enzymes for the synthesis of tryptophan and folic acid are present in the genomes of 379 and 791. A feature of the 791 genome is the presence of determinants responsible for the synthesis of thermostable type I bacteriocins - flavucin and lasso peptide. The 791 strain was found to show pronounced antiviral activity against both the strains of influenza A, the supernatant of which suppressed viral replication up to a dilution of 1:8, and the cells inhibited viral reproduction up to a concentration of 6·106 CFU/ml.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of complete genomes of 379, 1, and 791 showed features that determine their strain-specific properties, the findings on which were previously made empirically based on indirect signs. In the genomes of 379 and 791 strains, in contrast to 1 strain, key enzymes for the synthesis of tryptophan and folic acid were found. These substances have an impact on the human body in many ways, including having a thymoleptic effect (reducing emotional stress, irritability, anxiety, eliminating lethargy, apathy, melancholy, anxiety) and regulating cognitive activity. The presence of determinants responsible for the synthesis of thermostable type I bacteriocins in the genome of 791 strain determines its pronounced antiviral activity.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Bifidobacterium; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Tryptophan; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Bacteriocins; Antiviral Agents; Folic Acid
PubMed: 37181836
DOI: 10.17691/stm2022.14.5.04 -
Food Science & Nutrition May 2023The present study aimed to optimize the formulation of buckwheat/lentil gluten-free beverages fermented with and . Physicochemical parameters of 14 different beverages,...
The present study aimed to optimize the formulation of buckwheat/lentil gluten-free beverages fermented with and . Physicochemical parameters of 14 different beverages, such as pH, acidity, total solids, ash, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and sensory test, were assessed after 24 h of fermentation. The results showed that the numbers of viable cells of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the first day of the experiment were 9.9 and 9.6 log (CFU ml), respectively, which were over 9 log (CFU ml). During 24 h from the fermentation, the number of viable cells for all beverages decreased, which reached an average probiotic count of 8.81 log (CFU ml) that was statistically significantly different from the probiotic count before fermentation ( < .05). Cell viability was evaluated and shelf life was estimated during 15-day refrigerated storage. At the end of the storage (15th day), the beverages contained an average of 8.4 log (CFU ml) of live lactobacilli cells and 7.8 log (CFU ml) of viable bifidobacterial cells. The optimized levels of independent factors for sprouted buckwheat and lentil flours were 51.96% and 48.04%, respectively. The optimized probiotic beverage was contained 0.25 (% lactic acid) acidity, 5.7 pH, 7.9% total solids, 0.4% ash, 41.02% DPPH, 26.96 (mg GAE/ml) phenol compounds, and 8.65 log (CFU ml) probiotic count. The optimized beverage had distinct organoleptic properties on day 15 of refrigerated storage. This study showed that can be used for the development of potentially probiotic beverage with sprouted buckwheat and lentil.
PubMed: 37181300
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3095 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2019Infants fed breast milk harbor a gut microbiota in which bifidobacteria are generally predominant. The metabolic interactions of bifidobacterial species need...
Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 15696 and Bifidobacterium breve 24b Metabolic Interaction Based on 2'--Fucosyl-Lactose Studied in Steady-State Cultures in a Freter-Style Chemostat.
Infants fed breast milk harbor a gut microbiota in which bifidobacteria are generally predominant. The metabolic interactions of bifidobacterial species need investigation because they may offer insight into the colonization of the gut in early life. ATCC 15696 hydrolyzes 2'--fucosyl-lactose (2FL; a major fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide) but does not use fucose released into the culture medium. However, fucose is a growth substrate for 24b, and both strains utilize lactose for growth. The provision of fucose and lactose by (the donor) allowing the growth of (the beneficiary) conforms to the concept of syntrophy, but both strains will compete for lactose to multiply. To determine the metabolic impact of this syntrophic/competitive relationship on the donor, the transcriptomes of were determined and compared in steady-state monoculture and coculture using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). genes upregulated in coculture included those encoding alpha-l-fucosidase and carbohydrate transporters and those involved in energy production and conversion. abundance was the same in coculture as in monoculture, but dominated the coculture numerically. Cocultures during steady-state growth in 2FL medium produced mostly acetate with little lactate (acetate:lactate molar ratio, 8:1) compared to that in monobatch cultures containing lactose (2:1), which reflected the maintenance of steady-state cells in log-phase growth. Darwinian competition is an implicit feature of bacterial communities, but syntrophy is a phenomenon putatively based on cooperation. Our results suggest that the regulation of syntrophy, in addition to competition, may shape bacterial communities. This study addresses the microbiology and function of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) using experimentation with bacterial cultures maintained under controlled growth and environmental conditions. We studied the growth of bifidobacteria whose nutrition centered on the hydrolysis of a human milk oligosaccharide. The results revealed responses relating to metabolism occurring in a strain when it provided nutrients that allowed the growth of , and so discovered biochemical features of these bifidobacteria in relation to metabolic interaction in the shared environment. These kinds of experiments are essential in developing concepts of bifidobacterial ecology that relate to the development of the gut microbiota in early life.
Topics: Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Bifidobacterium breve; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Ecosystem; Fucose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Lactose; Milk, Human; Oligosaccharides; Transcriptome; Trisaccharides
PubMed: 30683741
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02783-18 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with gut dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat-killed B1628...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with gut dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat-killed B1628 (HB1628) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The following three mouse groups were included (n = eight per group): NC (normal control), DSS (colitis), and HB1628 (colitis and postbiotic). The mice in the DSS group showed significant weight loss and histological damage, developed bloody diarrhea, scored high in the disease activity index (DAI), and exhibited increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and decreases in an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-13) in the serum. These changes were accompanied by gut microbiota modulation in colitis mice (decreases in and ; increases in , , and ). The HB1628 group had lower DAIs, histology scores, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), but higher levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-13), compared with the DSS group, suggesting a less severe inflammatory state after the HB1628 intervention. Additionally, HB1628 improved DSS-induced gut dysbiosis, which is evidenced by increases in intestinal beneficial bacteria, such as , and decreases in known unfavorable taxa in IBD, e.g., , , 3_1_46FAA, and . Functional metagenomics revealed three significantly enriched metabolic pathways in the HB1628 group (namely, the aerobic respiration I [cytochrome c] pathway and the superpathways of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis and L-tryptophan biosynthesis, respectively). In conclusion, our results showed that HB1628 effectively improved the inflammation state and tissue damage in DSS-induced colitis mice, and the symptom relief effect was accompanied by obvious gut microbiota remodulation.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hot Temperature; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interleukin-13; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36558391
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245233 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Substantial attention has been paid to the various effects of metformin on liver diseases; the liver is the targeted organ where metformin exerts its antihyperglycemic... (Review)
Review
Substantial attention has been paid to the various effects of metformin on liver diseases; the liver is the targeted organ where metformin exerts its antihyperglycemic properties. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), studies have shown that metformin affects the ATP/AMP ratio to activate AMPK, subsequently governing lipid metabolism. The latest research showed that low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway to decrease hepatic triglyceride levels through the PEN2-ATP6AP1 axis in an AMP-independent manner. Metformin regulates caspase-3, eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF2a), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in palmitate-exposed HepG2 cells, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent observations highlighted the critical association with intestinal flora, as confirmed by the finding that metformin decreased the relative abundance of while increasing and . The suppression of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the elevation of short-chain fatty acids resulted in the upregulation of tight junction protein and the alleviation of hepatic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, metformin delayed the progression of cirrhosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) via the TGF-β1/Smad3 and succinate-GPR91 pathways. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metformin impeded the cell cycle and enhanced the curative effect of antitumor medications. Moreover, metformin protects against chemical-induced and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) against hepatotoxic drugs. These findings suggest that metformin may have pharmacological efficacy against liver diseases.
PubMed: 38192642
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1327814 -
Nature Communications Jul 2023Although compositional variation in the gut microbiome during human development has been extensively investigated, strain-resolved dynamic changes remain to be fully... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Although compositional variation in the gut microbiome during human development has been extensively investigated, strain-resolved dynamic changes remain to be fully uncovered. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of 12,415 fecal microbiomes from healthy individuals are employed for strain-level tracking of gut microbiota members to elucidate its evolving biodiversity across the human life span. This detailed longitudinal meta-analysis reveals host sex-related persistence of strains belonging to common, maternally-inherited species, such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. Comparative genome analyses, coupled with experiments including intimate interaction between microbes and human intestinal cells, show that specific bacterial glycosyl hydrolases related to host-glycan metabolism may contribute to more efficient colonization in females compared to males. These findings point to an intriguing ancient sex-specific host-microbe coevolution driving the selective persistence in women of key microbial taxa that may be vertically passed on to the next generation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bifidobacterium; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 37452041
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39931-2 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Feb 2022This study aimed to examine whether probiotics supplements using (Bf-688) can improve clinical characteristics and gut microbiomes among patients with...
This study aimed to examine whether probiotics supplements using (Bf-688) can improve clinical characteristics and gut microbiomes among patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This open-label, single-arm trial consisted of 30 children aged 4-16 years who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis. Each subject took Bf-688, with one sachet in the morning and one in the evening (daily bacteria count 5 × 10 CFUs), for 8 weeks. Patients' clinical symptoms were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). We collected stool samples at the baseline, the 8th week, and the 12th week for gut microbiota examination. During the 8-week Bf-688 supplement period, patients' inattention symptoms and hyperactivity/impulsive symptoms improved, and their weights and BMIs increased. For gut microbiota, the to ratio (F/B ratio) decreased significantly. LEfSe analysis revealed that significantly decreased while significantly increased during the 8-week treatment period. After Bf-688 was discontinued for 4 weeks (12 weeks from baseline), significantly decreased and significantly increased. The probiotic Bf-688 supplement was associated with an improvement of clinical symptoms and with weight gain among ADHD children. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition was significantly altered by the Bf-688 supplement. A future randomized control trial is warranted to verify these findings.
PubMed: 35207715
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020227 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2022Aging is an irreversible physiological degradation of living organisms. Accumulated oxidative stress and dysbiosis accelerate aging. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and...
Aging is an irreversible physiological degradation of living organisms. Accumulated oxidative stress and dysbiosis accelerate aging. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and their fermented metabolites (postbiotics) have been discovered to exhibit antioxidative activities that regulate oxidative stress and protect cells from oxidative damage. We screened selected Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains and their postbiotics for potential antioxidative activity by using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Strains with their metabolites were selected for mixed formula in experiments involving aging mice. The aged groups presented higher oxidative stress in the brain, liver, heart, and kidney than did young mice. However, treatment with probiotic strains and their postbiotics elevated antioxidative levels, especially in the high-dose probiotics plus postbiotics group. Next-generation sequencing data revealed positive microbiota alterations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia in the gut. Lactobacillus johnsonii and Akkermansia muciniphila exhibited effective enlargement of relative abundance. Besides, high-dose probiotics and high-dose probiotics plus postbiotics showed significant elevation in serum SCFAs, especially in butyrate. In conclusion, the formula containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. infantis BLI-02, Bifidobacterium breve Bv889, Bifidobacterium bifidum VDD088, B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, and Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 and their metabolites may benefit aged people's health.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Lactobacillus; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Probiotics
PubMed: 35157139
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02783-y